Religion has played a role in shaping Indian customs and traditions. There are Ancient Indian texts which are relevant to modern LGBT causes. Totally, 17% identify as not heterosexual (excluding 'do not know', and 'prefer not to answer'). The report shows that 3% of the Indian Population identify as homosexual (Including Gay and Lesbian), 9% identify as bisexual, 1% identify as pansexual and 2% identify as asexual.
The survey was conducted as a 27 market survey conducted by Ipsos on its global advisor platform through interview on a sample of 500 individuals in India. Multinational research firm Ipsos released report on LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey conducted between April 23 and May 7, 2021.
Lacking support from family, society or police, many gay rape victims do not report the crimes. Mental, physical, emotional and economic violence against the LGBT community in India continues to be a problem. India is among countries with a social element of a third gender. Before striking down the colonial-era law several organisations have expressed support for decriminalising homosexuality in India, and pushed for tolerance and social equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer people, and others with marginalized identities traditional to India. In particular, there have been more depictions and discussions of homosexuality in the Indian media and cinema. In recent years, however, attitudes towards homosexuality have shifted slightly. Public discussion of homosexuality in India has been inhibited by the fact that sexuality in any form is rarely discussed openly. There may be much higher statistics for individuals who have concealed their identity, since a number of LGBTQ Indians are living in the closet due to fear of discrimination. These figures are only based on those individuals who have self-declared to the Ministry of Health. There are no official demographics for the LGBT population in India, but the government of India submitted figures to the Supreme Court in 2012, according to which, there were about 2.5 million gay people recorded in India.
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In striking down the colonial-era law that made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison, one judge said the landmark decision would "pave the way for a better future." This ruling also applied to Jammu and Kashmir state under Article 141 of the Constitution of India and Delhi Agreement 1952, as section 377 of IPC and Ranbir Penal Code is prima materia and Judicial Pronouncements were extended to Jammu and Kashmir. On 6 September 2018, a 5-judge constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India invalidated part of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, hence making homosexuality legal in India.
However, under the Islamic law of Fatawa 'Alamgiri during the Mughal Empire, male homosexual intercourse was punishable by flogging or stoning for a Muslim. Historical literary evidence indicates that homosexuality has been prevalent across the Indian subcontinent throughout history, and that homosexuals were not necessarily considered inferior in any way until about 18th century during British colonial rule. The ancient Indian text Kamasutra written by Vātsyāyana dedicates a complete chapter on erotic homosexual behaviour. Hindu texts have taken various positions regarding homosexual characters and themes. Homosexuality in India has been a subject of discussion from ancient times to modern times.